Suzanne Mettler’s “piece”:http://journals.cambridge.org.proxygw.wrlc.org/action/displayAbstract?aid=7874752 in Perspectives on Politics (free access to PDF) has many fascinating arguments about the political consequences of public ignorance about the benefits that people receive from the state. But this table is jawdropping. It shows the percentage of people who (a) benefit from various programs, and (b) claim in response to a government survey that they ‘have not used a government social program.’
| 529 or Coverdell | 64.3 |
| Home mortgage interest deduction | 60.0 |
| Hope or Lifetime Learning Tax Credit | 59.6 |
| Student Loans | 53.3 |
| Child and Dependent Tax Credit | 51.7 |
| Earned income tax credit | 47.1 |
| Social Security – Retirement and Survivors | 44.1 |
| Pell Grants | 43.1 |
| Unemployment Insurance | 43.0 |
| Veterans Benefits (other than G.I. Bill) | 41.7 |
| G.I. Bill | 40.3 |
| Medicare | 39.8 |
| Head Start | 37.2 |
| Social Security Disability | 28.7 |
| SSI – Supplementary Security Income | 28.2 |
| Medicaid | 27.8 |
| Welfare/Public Assistance | 27.4 |
| Government Subsidized Housing | 27.4 |
| Food Stamps | 25.4 |
Mettler’s basic argument is that because the US welfare state is ‘submerged’ and sliced up among a variety of different programs, many of which operate indirectly rather than directly, it is mostly invisible to US citizens. This has obvious political consequences – ‘government social programs’ are equated to ‘welfare’ and stigmatized. The fact that nearly half of Social Security recipients do not believe that they have benefited from a government social program, and that the same is true of some 40% of G.I. Bill beneficiaries and Medicare recipients is a rather extraordinary one.
